Upon entering the PhD program in Transcultural German Studies, each student chooses to specialize in either Literature and Cultural Studies or Language Studies. Each PhD student also chooses a minor to complement his or her major field of specialization. For students specializing in Literature and Cultural Studies, the minor may be Language Studies or a minor from cooperating departments and programs at the University. For students specializing in Language Studies, the minor must be Literature & Cultural Studies. Required for the minor are 9 units (with a maximum of 6 carried over from the MA). More units may be required by an external minor department.